
Fire in a waste site
Applying National Operational Guidance to incident types. Identify the knowledge, control measures and actions needed to combat the hazards you face.
Applying National Operational Guidance to incident types. Identify the knowledge, control measures and actions needed to combat the hazards you face.
Obtain a site manifest and any Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) documentation
Identify any hazardous materials signage and other indicators as part of scene survey
Identify utilities, including renewable energy supplies and locate isolation points
Identify operation and effectiveness of fixed installations and pollution prevention measures
Continually monitor and assess the fire development for signs and symptoms of escalation
Gather information from available sources to gain accurate situational awareness and understanding
Question the responsible person, other responders and witnesses to understand incident factors and history
Ensure that a scene survey is carried out at the earliest opportunity
Access any operational or site specific risk information (SSRI) and confirm accuracy
Debrief personnel that have withdrawn from a working area during an incident to gain operational intelligence and safety-related information
Maintain situational awareness and identify changes during the incident through active monitoring and regular briefings
Access and review any onsite environmental and fire prevention and mitigation plans
Identify the quantity, type and density of stacked materials
Use local knowledge to aid navigation to an incident
Ensure that tracks and pathways are suitable for fire service vehicles
Consider the least damaging routes to incidents and where possible, stay on marked paths and tracks
Consider Step 1-2-3 Plus: Safety Triggers for Emergency Personnel
Access past, present and future weather information from sources such as the Met Office
Establish the availability of pre-arranged evacuation strategies and policies
Consider pollution prevention information contained within site specific risk plans
Seek advice from landowners and other bodies on susceptible areas of the environment
Review situational awareness following an emergency evacuation or tactical withdrawal
Request sufficient and appropriate additional resources
Consider requesting specialist appliances and resources to reduce risk and demand on deployed resources
Consider the use of on-site vehicles operated by competent people as part of the incident plan
Confirm that required agencies have been requested or notified (e.g. Police, Ambulance, environmental agencies)
Request sufficient and appropriate additional resources
Consider requesting appropriate specialist advice
Consider requesting specialist resources from own or neighbouring fire and rescue services, or partner agencies
Inform and/or seek advice from environment agencies and/or sewage undertakers where necessary
Consider whether operational resources can be released from the incident
Regularly update the fire control room on the availability status of operational resources
Identify the safest access route, rendezvous points (RVPs) and marshalling areas, and communicate to all responders and the fire control room
Consider requesting appropriate facilities for the welfare of personnel
Consider the availability of pollution control equipment and/or pollution containment facilities on site
Make use of specialist fire and rescue service or on-site environmental protection equipment
Consider the appointment of a HMA (or equivalent) to oversee environmental protection activities
Consider the impact of fire water run off on compacted materials and ground conditions
Consider the use of aerial or reach appliances to avoid crews working on unstable ground
Establish and communicate cordons and hazard areas around unstable stack and falling materials
Provide lighting to illuminate hazards to personnel in poorly lit environments
Use the appropriate extinguishing method, media, techniques and equipment
Consider removing waste and plant from site or relocating it to a safe area
Assess the potential for thermal radiation damage and fire spread on buildings and surrounding areas
Identify any risk of running or pooling fuel fires
Consider the potential for undetected subsurface firespread creating hidden voids
Ensure that Firefighting PPE is worn in accordance with service risk assessment, procedures and training
Access past, present and future weather information from sources such as the Met Office
Consider the effects of wind and ventilation on smoke and fire gases when positioning firefighting personnel
Consider the impact of smoke plume on downwind life risk, road users and other transport networks
Ensure that all personnel wear the type of RPE identified by service risk assessments, procedures and training
Consider requesting an air quality cell
Identify any sources of renewable energy generation such as photovoltaic panels or wind power
Ensure that Firefighting PPE is worn in accordance with service risk assessment, procedures and training
Approach hazardous material incidents at slow speed from upwind and higher-level ground where possible
Identify any hazardous materials signage and other indicators as part of scene survey
Carry out testing and monitoring of the atmosphere and use the results to inform the incident plan
Comply with hygiene arrangements and do not eat, drink, smoke or vape
Consider seeking specialist advice from a HMA on remedial action for spillages and fire water run off
Consider diverting water to holding areas or sacrificial areas that will not affect firefighting operations
Consider the possible recirculation of fire water run-off, to reduce water used
Request advice from appropriate environmental protection agencies
Attempt to control pollution using a Source – Pathway - Receptor model
Consider the impact of fire water run off on compacted materials and ground conditions
Identify bodies of water, unstable ground and risks of falling from height in working environment
Consider the effect of weather conditions and time of day on the working environment
Ensure that all personnel are briefed on the current hazards, risks, control measures and tactical mode
Implement measures to maintain access and egress during the incident
Establish, identify and communicate safe traffic routes, establish clear zones and equipment points
Provide lighting to illuminate hazards to personnel in poorly lit environments
Ensure that personnel have access to the appropriate PPE
Consider task rotation when personnel are carrying out manual handling tasks
Manage their working environment and workload to mitigate the effects of stress and fatigue, and to optimise their personal resilience
Consider using machinery or other equipment to assist with manual handling
Request additional or specialist resources to assist with manual handling tasks
Consider the task, individual capabilities, load and environment (TILE) when carrying out risk assessments for manual handling
Ensure personnel adopt the provided safe system of manual handling
Comply with service protocols when handling substances that are hazardous to health
Ensure personnel cover open wounds, cuts and grazes with a waterproof dressing prior to operational activity
Comply with hygiene arrangements and do not eat, drink, smoke or vape
Restrict the access of persons to premises or a place if they reasonably believe an emergency to have occurred
Consider applying operational discretion where the benefit of taking unusual, unorthodox or innovative action justifies the risk
Return to operational procedures when the objective has been achieved
Why? | Expectations? | Benefit vs Risk? |
Maintain the safety of all personnel, other responders and the public
Prevent escalation, contain and extinguish the fire considering all ignition sources
Minimise the impact of the incident and fire service actions on any identified environmental risk
Maintain the safety of all personnel, other responders and the public
Save life and reduce harm
Minimise the impact of the incident and fire service actions on any identified environmental risk
Consider the JESIP principles at all incidents involving multi-agency operations
Consider taking action to prevent a serious escalation of the incident
Secure the scene to ensure evidence is preserved for internal and external investigations
Develop and communicate a firefighting plan and ventilation strategy to all personnel
Develop tactical plan in consultation with relevant agencies (e.g. public health, environmental agencies)
Determine whether people should be advised to evacuate, shelter in place or 'stay put'
Carry out a dynamic risk assessment, identify hazards, evaluate risk and implement safe systems of work
Declare the tactical mode and communicate to personnel at the incident ground and in the fire control room
Carry out and formally record analytical risk assessments at suitable intervals
Establish emergency arrangements appropriate to the type, size and complexity of the incident
Develop and communicate an incident plan to relevant personnel, including the fire control room
Apply the firefighter safety maxim and safe person principles at incidents
Identify and communicate the hazard area and establish a safe working area as soon as is practicable
Use situational awareness to anticipate the likely development of the incident and evaluate the potential consequences of a range of actions
Develop and communicate an incident plan to relevant personnel, including the fire control room
Regularly review and update incident plan in response to active monitoring of the situation against expected outcomes
Review the tactical mode following active monitoring and briefings with sector commanders
Periodically review the analytical risk assessment using situational awareness from active monitoring
Apply the joint decision model process to ensure effective joint decision-making at multi-agency incident
Identify the need to evacuate and develop a strategy in liaison with partner agencies
Establish an appropriate muster point and communicate its location to all personnel, and other responders if present
Secure the scene to ensure evidence is preserved for internal and external investigations
Carry out an environmental risk assessment and monitor the impact of tactics on the identified risk
Consider the appropriate speed of intervention to limit fire development
Select appropriate firefighting media (e.g. water, foam, dry powder, CO2)
Select appropriate firefighting equipment (e.g. extinguisher, hose reel, main jet, cutting extinguisher)
Assess the fuel type, weather conditions, resources and time required to create an effective firebreak
Gain access to premises causing minimal damage considering the urgency of the situation
Establish and resource a casualty care point
Determine whether people should be advised to evacuate, shelter in place or 'stay put'
When evacuation is necessary, identify the number of people affected and develop a plan
Consider using fixed, aerial appliance mounted or portable monitors to release personnel and minimise risk
Instigate and communicate hygiene arrangements, facilities and consider decontamination
Implement an appropriate protection plan when an identified nature conservation site is at risk
Implement a safe system of work and communication channels for the use of onsite vehicles
Use the most effective methods for communicating with people who are either directly or indirectly involved in the incident
Establish and maintain an incident ground communication plan considering other agencies and remote resources
Ensure that all personnel are briefed on the current hazards, risks, control measures and tactical mode
Communicate the incident situation to other responders via fire control using the M\ETHANE message protocol
Provide a structured brief when handing over and taking over command
Communicate findings of analytical risk assessment to all personnel and other agencies
Inform all personnel of known or likely areas of interest for fire or criminal investigation, so that these can be avoided
Identify the safest access route, rendezvous points (RVPs) and marshalling areas, and communicate to all responders and the fire control room
Communicate any change in the tactical mode of a sector of the incident to personnel at the incident ground and in the fire control room
Communicate objectives, priorities and tactics to be adopted in resolving the incident
Deliver clear, concise and timely briefings to crews, command support functions and other agencies
Regularly pass information to fire control regarding incident progress
Establish an appropriate muster point and communicate its location to all personnel, and other responders if present
Ensure that all appropriate environmental agencies are informed of the incident when required
Use the most effective methods for communicating with people who are either directly or indirectly involved in the incident
Ensure that appropriate inner and outer cordons are established and communicated following an assessment of risk to all people present
Appoint competent safety officers to monitor specific hazards or activities
Form their command structure in accordance with the priorities and demands of an incident
Ensure that appropriate inner and outer cordons are established and communicated following an assessment of risk to all people present
Control access to the inner cordon using methods proportionate to the type, size and complexity of the incident
Appoint competent safety officers to monitor specific hazards or activities
Instigate a tactical withdrawal of personnel when the mode changes from offensive to defensive
Record and time stamp the decision to isolate utilities in the analytical risk assessment and decision log
Collate and secure records from the incident and witness statements
Be prepared to adopt a leadership role at multi-agency incidents
Establish a scene access control point to log all people operating within the inner cordon when appropriate
Consider the use of command support systems and equipment where required
Monitor the performance of personnel and where necessary modify plans to available competences
Record the details of the transfer of command; this should be done at the incident ground and in the fire control room
Instigate a safety sector at large or complex incidents under the control of a safety sector commander
Implement exclusion zones if intolerable risks to safety are identified
Request police assistance to establish a traffic cordon or air exclusion zone if necessary
Request an air exclusion zone through the appropriate authority if required
Maintain effective command and control in an emergency situation
Carry out a roll call of personnel at the scene following an emergency evacuation of responders
Instigate and co-operate with post incident investigations where necessary
Hand over responsibility for removed items and security of premises to the responsible person or the police
Consider decontamination of personnel, PPE and equipment prior to redeployment
Ensure that effective supervision of operational activity is maintained until the conclusion of the incident
Instigate and co-operate with post incident investigations where necessary
Ensure that hazards, potential hazards and control measures are identified when handing over responsibility for health and safety to the responsible person
Consider taking appropriate steps to secure premises or vehicles after access or entry has been gained by force
Follow service protocols for reporting concerns about the mental or physical well-being of themselves or other individuals
Secure the scene to ensure evidence is preserved for internal and external investigations
Record statements from relevant people as soon as practicable
Delegate collection of physical evidence to a police crime scene investigator or fire service investigator
Hand over responsibility for removed items and security of premises to the responsible person or the police
Carry out fire investigations at a level appropriate to the scale of the incident
Monitor and review the potential impact on public health with the assistance of the public health agency