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If information on the OEL is not available then it may be possible to use the threshold limit value (TLV) which is a roughly equivalent limit imposed on employers in the USA. Other limits associated...

By Ian S. Hill, MIFireE North Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Service The fire The city of Basle in Switzerland is located on the banks of the river Rhine, which flows on through Germany and France...

​ A biological hazard (biohazard) is any microorganism, cell culture or human endoparasite, including those genetically modified, that can cause infection, allergy, toxicity or create a hazard...

Approach upwind and uphill as appropriate (note Firemet information). Any decision to use controlled burn tactics at a fire should be made on the basis of prior discussion with the site...

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE), in their publication Managing health and safety in zoos, define a zoo as a permanent establishment where living, wild animals are kept for exhibition to the...

Animal slaughter refers to the killing of domestic livestock, usually for food. However animals may be slaughtered for other reasons, such as being diseased and unsuitable for consumption. Slaughter...

A shooting or firing range is a specialised facility designed for archery or firearms practice and can be indoors or outdoors. Some outdoor military ranges cover large areas, for example, parts of...

Terminology used in this industry includes: Arcade - a transportable structure housing games, stalls or other attractions at a fairground or amusement park; it does not include buildings...

​All firefighting foams and other firefighting additives can cause pollution if they are discharged into surface or groundwater, even if the manufacturer advises that they will not pollute. These...

As well as having a high BOD, surfactants, preservatives and other components in foams can be toxic to aquatic life and represent a significant risk to the quality of drinking water supplies. This...

A wildfire will meet one or more of the following criteria: Involves a geographical area of at least one hectare (10,000 square metres) Has a sustained flame length of more than 1.5 metres ...

The use of end of life vehicles and other controlled wastes for training purposes by the emergency services and armed forces If you comply with the requirements below, we will allow controlled...

Soluble refers to a substance (solid, liquid or gas) that can dissolve in another solid, liquid or gas. In plain language, dissolve means one substance becomes incorporated into another (forming a...

Direct observations from the scene of a hazmat incident will enable the full extent of hazards to be recognised and quantified. Such observations for example, eyewitness reports, visual assessment of...

​Toxic (poisonous) and infectious substances are those liable to cause death or injury if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin contact. Within UN class 6 there are two divisions: Division...

Toxicity is the capability of a poison, or toxin, to produce injury in an animal, a human being or the environment. Many poisons cause harm to living tissues at very small doses because they...

Lethal concentration 50 Per Cent (LC50) is used to denote the concentration of a gas present in the atmosphere for a given period of time that eventually kills half of a batch of ten or more animals...

Quantity and surface area As the quantity of a flammable liquid increases so does the risk; a large quantity can generate a spill with a greater surface area than a small quantity. Increased...

Equines includes horses and other members of the horse family. Equine facilities include: Equestrian centres (or riding schools) - where equines are kept either to be let out on hire for...

A laboratory is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Medical laboratories People who work in...