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A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. A fire extinguisher is described by its contents: See,...

At its simplest, the flow rate is the amount of extinguishing media being applied to a fire at any one time, referred to in litres per minute (L/min). Required flow rate may be simply...

Controlled burning is a defensive operational tactic to prohibit or restrict the use of extinguishing media on fires to allow the combustion process to continue uninhibited. UK law does not...

Once an incident commander has established what they are dealing with and selected the method of extinguishing the fire and type of firefighting media to be used, the crews will need to focus...

During firefighting and salvage operations, crews may need to cut away elements of a structure, removing surface coverings such as flooring, skirting, roofing members and partitions to ensure...

Ventilation is one factor that will need to be considered as part of the overall incident plan. When planned and performed correctly, ventilation can save lives, improve firefighting...

A firebreak can be implemented to present an obstacle to the spread of fire; this tactic can be useful in waste, roof (particularly thatch) and wildfires. If a firebreak is to be effective, it...

Most fires are likely to produce debris under which small pockets of fire can continue to smoulder for some time. Turning over ensures that all faces of a burning material have been fully...

Incident commanders should understand the importance of balancing the competing needs of providing a sufficient weight of intervention to extinguish a fire against the damage that could be...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Personal protective equipment Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is a type of personal protective equipment designed to protect...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Personal protective equipment Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is a type of personal protective equipment designed to...

Fire and rescue services are under legal, economic and moral obligation to take reasonable steps to limit damage, reduce losses and protect the environment as a result of their actions at fires and...

At premises without salvage or disaster plans, or where these plans are not available, incident commanders should develop a damage control plan. Damage control can be categorised into...

Smoke travelling through a building can cause significant damage to property. Closing doors can slow the movement of smoke throughout a site and reduce associated damage. Progress of...

Once a fire has been extinguished, identifying the cause will need to be considered. Ideally, it would be possible to reliably identify the exact cause for each fire attended. However, by its...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Personal protective equipment   Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is a type of personal protective equipment designed...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Foundation for environmental protection - Pollution control hierarchy and equipment   If practical and safe to do, and unless...

A branch pipe, or branch as it is normally referred to, is used at the delivery end of a hose line to increase velocity and to provide an effective firefighting stream. Branches are...

At every incident, there is a risk that the actions taken by fire and rescue services to resolve the incident may cause loss and damage that exceeds the loss or damage caused by the original...

Fire safety measures are found in many buildings (either as a means to satisfy legal requirements or as a discretionary measure) and comprise both physical and management elements. Their...