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If it is not possible to fully eliminate the hazard, then exposure should be reduced to limit the risk as far as reasonably practicable. Examples of ways in which this can be achieved...

Fire and rescue personnel need to understand and predict fire behaviour and extreme fire behaviour at wildfires, in order to recognise potential hazards and to manage the safety of personnel...

It is crucial that as far as reasonably possible the precise location of the wildfire, direction of firespread, site hazards and weather conditions are identified and communicated in a timely...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Additional resources   Fire and rescue services should understand the requirements of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 and, in...

Fire and rescue services should have an awareness and understanding of all relevant protocols, which should include identifying any cross-border arrangements with neighbouring fire and rescue...

Fire and rescue services should be aware of National Resilience capabilities. This should include an understanding of the arrangements contained in the national frameworks, which should in turn...

When identifying access, egress and escape routes, all of the hazards at the scene of operations and the current and predicted weather conditions should be considered. These routes should be...

Wildfires can produce significant smoke plumes, which can reduce visibility for pilots. Wildfires can also produce strong thermal updrafts that may be hazardous to flight. This means wildfires...

Military aid may be available to support specific tasks in a wildfire incident. It is also possible that the incident may be adjacent to, or on property owned by, the Ministry of...

Identifying organisations that can competently support the fire and rescue service in planning for, and responding to, wildfires is a key consideration. Knowledge and understanding in working...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Command roles and responsibilities   Fire and rescue services need to have an awareness of the capacity, capability and skill...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Specialist resources   Other organisations may have a variety of equipment that could prove beneficial for firefighting...

Pre-planning has a significant role in enabling the effective protection of ecological and heritage assets in the event of a wildfire. Pre-planning with land owners and land managers...

The environmental impacts of firefighting activity, including the impact of firefighting media, are included in National Operational Guidance: Environmental protection and the Foundation for...

Ground fires are, by their very nature, concealed, which means they can be very difficult to locate. It can also be very difficult to determine the depth and extent of firespread beneath the...

Ground fires may not be visible to the naked eye as there may not be clear visual indicators such as smoke or flames. Fire and rescue service personnel should consider using thermal imaging...

Aircraft can provide aerial observation for wildfires. In the case of undetected firespread an aerial view can provide early warning of spot fires and an early indication of potential ground...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Damping down and turning over   Damping down and turning over (sometimes referred to as mopping-up) involves extinguishing a...

Monitoring ground vehicles and aircraft at the incident ground is an essential part of the safe system of work used by the fire and rescue service. When deploying aircraft at a wildfire...

Escape routes are pre-planned routes to be used in an emergency situation, to take personnel away from danger to a safety zone. Escape routes should be identified and communicated to all personnel...