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Resuscitation treatment for a suspected cardiac arrest can be provided by using cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and using an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available. Before...

The priorities and treatment of casualties who have a burn injury are the same as for any other trauma situation. Casualties with a burn injury may have other injuries, which need to be...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Foundation for environmental protection - Pollution control hierarchy and equipment   If practical and safe to do, and unless...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Treatment of polluting materials   Neutralisation is the term used for counteracting an acid against an alkali (or vice...

The core principle of triage is to provide a systematic review of multiple casualties, where demand exceeds available resources. The initial triage method for a multiple casualty situation is...

Personnel should not handle a casualty who is still in contact with an electrical source, due to the risk of electrocution. Before providing casualty care, it is essential to break the contact...

The casualty should be released as quickly as possible, irrespective of the length of time trapped. Consideration should be given to the possibility of a spinal injury, and full spinal...

Maximising the number of emergency responders to deliver mass casualty care aims to save lives. Multi-agency teams may deliver basic clinical care or be tasked with the removal or transfer of...

Bariatric management or lifting equipment may reduce hazards; it is important to know what equipment is available from fire and rescue services and emergency medical services. The availability...

The pre-determined and structured MD process has a statutory requirement to contain water, unlike unstructured or initial operational response (IOR) decontamination, where every effort should...

Unless a contaminant is totally water soluble, based on advice from a hazardous materials adviser, then a simple water decontamination process is unlikely to be completely effective. In these...

A casualty may be considered to have ‘complex requirements’ if they could be described as bariatric, or if they are dependent on medical equipment to maintain a condition or support life....

A casualty may be exposed to the environment during any incident, such as while they are trapped and waiting to be stabilised and extricated, or while being transported after their rescue. This...

The DIM adviser will make arrangements for the required sampling and analysis to be carried out, using the appropriate techniques and equipment. The nature and process of these tasks will...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Specialist advice   To ensure a hazardous materials incident is managed safely, the fire and rescue service will need to...

This hazard deals with control measures to prevent exposure and to manage its occurrence. The optimum situation is to avoid the exposure of responders. Exposure occurs when a harmful substance...

When the casualties have been decontaminated, they will need to be provided with re-robe packs, delivered in cages to the MD re-robe structure. There will need to be sufficient re-robe packs...

Exposure occurs when a harmful substance enters the body through a route, for example, inhalation, ingestion, absorption or injection, or when the body is irradiated. Where exposure to a...

CBRN(e) terrorism entails the assumption or knowledge, based on intelligence or actual evidence, of actual or threatened dispersal of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear material...

The optimum situation is to avoid the contamination of responders by applying appropriate control measures. This hazard deals with situations where responders have been unavoidably contaminated....