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Aeration Organic pollutants, such as milk and sewage, remove oxygen from bodies of water. Environmental agencies and specialist contractors can use aeration units or chemical methods to...

This could include applying pressure to a wound or cooling burns with water. There are various sources of information about first aid for animals, including the Blue Cross website: ...

UK fire and rescue services attend around 300 significant fires in waste sites each year. Fires occur at waste sites that are permitted or licensed by environmental agencies, that have an exemption...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Treatment of polluting materials   Neutralisation is a chemical method of making a spill less corrosive by applying a second material...

​A biological agent is any microorganism, cell culture or human endoparasite, including any that have been genetically modified, that can cause infection, allergy, toxicity or otherwise pose a...

It is possible to carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on animals. There are various sources of information about CPR for animals, including the Blue Cross website: Basic...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Situational awareness: Fires in buildings   Site-Specific Risk Information and emergency response or salvage plans may provide...

The release or evacuation of an animal in an uncontrolled manner could worsen the existing incident, or cause a secondary incident, resulting in harm to people or the animal. The animal may...

Identifying organisations that can competently support the fire and rescue service in planning for, and responding to, wildfires is a key consideration. Knowledge and understanding in working...

Building Wildfire Resilience in Forest Management Planning, 2014, Forestry Commission Firefighter safety zones: how big is big enough?, W. Butler and J.D. Cohen, Fire Management...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Specialist advice   Specialist advice should be sought to support the incident commander's operational plan. Advice should be...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Specialist advice   Specialist advice should be sought to support the incident commander's operational plan. Advice should be...

Hazardous substances or materials, including chemicals, paints, batteries and oils, may be involved in a waste fire. Some of these may be unknown by the site operator or not marked. At illegal...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Containment of polluting materials   There are four principal ways of dealing with spills/releases of corrosives: Contain for...

This control measure should be read in conjunction with Substance identification   Biological agents can be found almost everywhere, however, general hygiene is sufficient to deal with the...

Most biological agents do not survive well in high temperature situations; in fact, one method of cleansing equipment that has been used with biological agents is treatment in an autoclave.  An...

In many cases the stress response of an animal is caused by lights, noise, intrusion or pain. To minimise the stress response of the animal, it is important to reduce or avoid the use of...

If an animal needs to be moved or lifted, the equipment and techniques used by emergency responders should: Minimise contact with the animal Consider the welfare of the animal ...

Animals may become entangled by various items including: Fencing – electric, high tensile electric, barbed wire or razor wire Snares or traps Cattle grids Electric cables ...

Rescues from water are often high-risk activities and, if possible, entering the water should be avoided. Incident commanders should consider the hierarchy of rescue options available to them...